Definition and Aims of Bookkeeping and Accounting Techniques

Accounting is outlined as “the artwork of recording, classifying and summarizing in phrases of funds transactions and gatherings of fiscal character and interpreting the effects thereof.” In most straightforward terms, we can say:

(1) Accounting is an art

(2) of recording classifying and summarizing

(3) in conditions of money

(4) transactions and functions of fiscal character and

(5) interpreting the final results thereof

Accounting is an art of effectively recording the day to working day organization transactions: It is a science of holding the organization information in a common and most systematic method so as to know the small business final results with minimal problems. As a result, it is reported to be a statistical course of action for the selection, classification and summarization of money facts.

Objectives of Accounting

The objectives of accounting are two-fold:

(1) To document completely, all business transactions, and

(2) To clearly show the result of every single transaction and also the merged outcome of all this sort of transactions for a offered period so as to locate out the income the business enterprise has attained or decline incurred, and also to know the proper monetary place on a particular date.

The necessity and relevance of accounting can be recognized by answering the next thoughts:

(1) How a great deal we have gained this year ?

(2) How significantly was attained throughout the last year ?

(3) Is our business improving?

(4) How substantially funds do we have?

(5) How a lot revenue we owe?

(6) How a lot some others owe to us ?

Accounting Devices

There are a variety of techniques of accounting for keeping business information:

Funds method of accounting

This process data only money receipts and payments on the assumption that there are no credit score transactions. If at all there are any credit rating transactions, they are not at all recorded right until the funds is truly paid out or obtained. Receipts and payments account in case of golf equipment, societies, hospital, academic institutes, legal professionals and so on. is the best example of money program.

Solitary Entry Technique

This program ignores the two fold factor of each and every transaction as deemed in double entry system. Underneath one entry process, merely particular facets of transaction i.e. private accounts are recorded. This technique will take no note of the impersonal facets of the transactions other than cash. It gives no check on the precision of the publishing and no safeguard in opposition to fraud for the reason that it does not deliver any look at about the recording of money transactions. Consequently, it is named as “imperfect accounting.”

Double Entry System

The double entry technique was initially advanced by Luca Pacioliin, who was a Franciscan Monk of Italy. With the passage of time, the system has absent by whole lot of developmental stages. It is the only approach satisfying all the objectives of systematic accounting. It acknowledges the two fold aspect of every enterprise transaction.

These queries are of decisive significance for a trader and the answers can only be derived from up to-day economical documents. Only the system of retaining the best data of all business transactions will assistance the proprietor to know the total he has acquired or missing.

The main objective of any organization is to receive highest attainable income with bare minimum expense. In perspective of this, a commercial firm generally attempts to extend its small business, raise its product sales and reduce working charges. The progress manufactured in this regard, is generally indicated only by the properly managed monetary data.

Meaning of Accounting

In the beginning, the major goal of accounting was to verify the result of the enterprise activities (whether or not financial gain has been acquired or reduction has been endured) through a year and to display the money posture of the business enterprise as on a individual day. Accounting has to meet the prerequisites of taxation authorities buyers, federal government polices administration and owners. This has resulted in widening the scope of accounting and may well be outlined as follows:

“Accounting is the artwork of recording, classifying and summarizing, in a significant method and in phrases of dollars transactions and occasions which are in part at the very least, of a money character and interpreting the end result thereof.”

Is Accounting a Science or an Artwork?

In simple words, science establishes connection of result in and impact whilst the artwork is the application of know-how comprising of some accepted theories, ideas and policies. Considering that accounting docs not build result in and result connection it only offers us with the course of action by which objectives of accounting can be obtained, consequently accounting is an artwork and not a science. Accounting is an artwork of recording monetary transactions in a established of guides classifying in sought after categories and summarizing the information and facts for presentation in a ideal fashion to the anxious people for their benefit.

Scope of Accounting

The have to have of a technique of accounting was felt by gentleman early in the heritage of trade and commerce. The artwork of ebook-maintaining is as aged as the art of trading alone. This art of maintaining records passed through lots of phases since its inception. With the improvement of commerce, it has attained a posture of good significance. In truth, it can be truly said that accounting has turn out to be the basis on which the whole fabric of modem commerce rests.

While there is no lawful obligation on an ordinary trader to retain the data, each organization household finds it necessary and easy to retain the systematic data so as to know where specifically it stands. In addition, it is lawfully binding on some types of business, this kind of as joint stock providers, to put together periodically, statements in proper kinds showing the placement of the organization. A good and satisfactory process of accounting is an necessary component of any organization dwelling for the next causes :

(1) If no records are held, it will be tough to locate out accurate internet financial gain. Beneath these circumstances, tax authorities may possibly overestimate the earnings and thus a trader will go through for not getting kept the enterprise information.

(2) In absence of appropriate small business data, the trader will discover it tough to post the genuine situation to the court docket in circumstance he turns into bancrupt.

(3) Trying to keep of right records helps the trader in framing long term enterprise programs & policies.

(4) It will be complicated to verify and take care of the selling price of small business to be offered or disposed off, if no documents are kept.

(5) Last but not least, in spite of the very best memory it is outside of the potential of a trader to recall all the small business dealings with back again references.